EDITOR’S NOTE: In this episode of the PBD Podcast, host Patrick Bet-David sits down with Arthur C. Brooks — Harvard social scientist, Vanderbilt professor, and bestselling author of From Strength to Strength and Road to Freedom — for a wide-ranging conversation on love, marriage, and family. The two also dig into capitalism, the appeal of socialism among young people, career “peaking,” anxiety, faith, mortality, and what it means to build a meaningful second act in life. This interview episode was premiered September 9, 2026.
TRANSCRIPT:
Introduction
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:01:50 – 00:02:35): So I’m going to ask you an indirect way of helping our guys, our production team that works so hard, get a raise. Do you want to help them get a raise? This is how you can help us out. 49% of you watch our podcast that our editors work so hard, producers, cutters, all of them, our production team, 32 of them that work here. They work very hard to deliver a good quality to you. If you enjoy our show and you want to help this thing get bigger so we can take our talent that we have in-house to support this production all the time and maybe even give them a raise, then please subscribe to the channel. That allows us to get more viewership, and indirectly it makes bigger opportunities for our current team that we have. Thank you so much. And to be loved, that’s the secret to happiness.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:02:35 – 00:02:37): All right, so, and the best way to do that is to get married and have babies.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:02:38 – 00:03:08): Well, by the way, just so you guys know, we’ve been doing a podcast for 10, 15 minutes. We should have recorded the first 15 minutes because that was great.
My history with you is I was introduced to a book you wrote many years ago called Road to Freedom. Read it, gave it to all my guys in my office. I said, you got to read this because you broke down capitalism in a very logical way that wasn’t too much, and it was common sense. A lot of good stats in there.
And then 2 months ago, I’m going to the UFC fight at the White House, whatever, 2 or 3 months ago. I’m on the flight, Alex Spiro and I are having a conversation together. I don’t know if you know who Alex is.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:03:08 – 00:03:08): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:03:09 – 00:03:26): And he says, you know, out of all the books I’ve read in my life, there’s only one book you need to read. I said, Alex, I read a lot. What’s this one book? He says, at our age — I think he’s in his 40s as well — he says, you have to read From Strength to Strength. So I’m on the flight, I order the book, I go through the whole thing. I don’t do the audio.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:03:26 – 00:03:27): Mark, that’s true.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:03:27 – 00:03:36): Yeah, I do the audio and read the whole thing. And I said, let’s invite him to the podcast. And then of course, here we are sitting down together with you. And I’ve seen your work for many years. You do great stuff.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:03:36 – 00:03:49): Thank you. Likewise. I mean, it’s like you’re showing up on everybody’s feed for a reason. If you have a particular interest, you’re interested in ideas, particularly from a business perspective, and you admire entrepreneurs, you’re showing up, man.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:03:49 – 00:04:03): Yeah. And you said something. You said when you were in Barcelona doing music, there was a lot of Middle Easterners there, Persians. I said, you look like you could have a little Persian in you with that perfect — I could never grow a beard like that, even though I’m the Middle Eastern one. You’re not. I don’t have that gift.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:04:03 – 00:04:08): Well, I’ll take what you’ve got on the top of the head or what I got on the bottom. Trade deal.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:04:09 – 00:04:10): That’s fair enough.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:04:10 – 00:04:11): And you’re not taking the trade, I noticed.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:04:11 – 00:04:44): That is fair enough. No, everybody’s like, when’d you go to Turkey? I said, honestly, I’ve never been to Turkey. No, you went and did that $25,000 surgery. So my hair’s been like this. My daughter reminds me that I got a little bald spot here. It’s kind of coming a little bit, but we’ll see what happens.
So Arthur, you go from being a person, French horn, Barcelona music, that was your life, and you become a professor, social scientist, studying leadership and happiness at Harvard. There’s a lot of direction we’re going to sit down here together. I know family-wise, you’re winning in many aspects of life. What do we get too late in life?
The Biggest Mistake: Believing Love Is Earned
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:04:45 – 00:06:24): It sort of depends on who we are. People have deficits depending on their background, to be sure. But this is a show for strivers. If you’re not serious about life, you don’t watch Patrick’s show. So let’s just assume everybody watching us is a striver who really wants to get ahead.
Let’s talk about the biggest mistake that younger versions of you and me would make. The number one mistake is believing that love is earned. When you and I were little kids, we were good at stuff. We were hustlers. We were working hard. A lot of people watching us either got really good grades or were really good in sports, or had high initiative, starting a paper route and then a business, etc. That’s what people have in common who are watching us.
The problem with that is you tended to get positive affirmation from adults only when you did something, and your synaptically plastic little brain came to the conclusion that love from the people you care about the most is earned when you do a special thing.
So the biggest mistake they make is thinking that love is earned. That turns them into workaholics and success addicts and self-objectifiers. And what we have to remember is that love is a free gift freely given. Only hang around with people who love you on your worst day.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:06:24 – 00:06:27): How do you know the difference? How do you know if somebody truly loves you or not?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:06:27 – 00:07:16): Yeah, that’s the trick, because a lot of people walk into relationships that they’ve earned, and then they find out only too late that that’s the case. The biggest mistake, of course, is marriage, is what it comes down to.
But the whole point is that you will know when you’re in a relationship with a woman or a man, if you’re a striver, within the first couple of years, if on your lowest day, on your worst day, she loves you more, not less. That’s the thing to keep in mind. That’s somebody who sees your human side, because your business is going under, your creditors are calling, there’s a problem, whatever it happens to be, and you’re lonely and depressed, and she loves you even more. That’s the person you know is a keeper. That’s what it comes down to, as opposed to somebody who’s kicking you to the curb on your lowest day, who wants to only see the win.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:07:16 – 00:07:54): It’s funny you say that, because right now, a trend that’s going on on social media, young men who are on social and seeing this masculinity messaging that’s coming out — women just want you for your money, for your status, they’ll leave you for another rich, better-looking guy one day. And then younger guys today, when I talk to them, sometimes are worried, is it even worth me getting married? You’re seeing the birth rate declining and guys are like, just live for myself, live for myself. What is the risk of never getting married, never having kids? How big of a risk is that, that some men are taking today?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:07:54 – 00:08:24): It’s a big risk, because if you don’t do those things, you probably won’t be happy. And I’ve got the data. I’ve got the data. The data are the data. Men who never get married and who never have kids are significantly unhappier than men who take those challenges, who actually make those commitments.
Now, that doesn’t mean your marriage is going to be successful. It doesn’t mean it’s going to be like a walk in the park every single day. Hooray, it’s so wonderful. On the contrary — look, Patrick, I’ve been married 35 years and my wife and I have had 10,000 fights. Part of that’s because she’s from Barcelona, and they’re very conflicted.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:08:24 – 00:08:25): You guys met over there, right?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:08:25 – 00:09:03): No, actually I went over there in hot pursuit. I met her in France on a concert tour. She was studying in France, and she was from Barcelona. I quit my job in New York, and I moved to Barcelona and took a job in the symphony orchestra because I had this intuition that this girl, who didn’t speak a single word of English — I didn’t speak a single word of Spanish or Catalan — was going to be my wife, or at least I was going to give it a shot.
Love is entrepreneurship. It’s the ultimate putting capital at risk. It’s the capital of your heart at risk. And this is one of the things that I tell young entrepreneurial guys: if you’re not putting your heart at risk, you’re actually not an entrepreneur. You’re lame.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:09:03 – 00:09:06): If you don’t put your heart at risk, like the love at risk.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:09:06 – 00:09:16): You’re not a real entrepreneur. It’s like, yeah, risk somebody’s money — boring, boring. Putting your heart at risk? Now we’re talking. Now we’re talking.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:09:16 – 00:09:17): That makes sense.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:09:17 – 00:10:00): Yeah, because what do entrepreneurs do? They’re willing and able to take risk and manage the risk. That’s the skill they have in pursuit of explosive rewards. Those are the 2 characteristics of an entrepreneur. I’ve taught entrepreneurship over the course of my career. I’m a B-school professor, so that’s the kind of stuff that we do. I’ve written a textbook on entrepreneurship, as a matter of fact. Those are the 2 characteristics: willingness and ability to manage high amounts of risk in pursuit of explosive rewards.
Now, the denomination of rewards depends on you. When it’s a business, you count it up in green pieces of paper called money, and you’re trying to get to IPO or whatever. But when it’s the things that really matter, then it’s love and happiness. And that’s a lot more valuable to everybody.
Finding a Spouse: Startups, Not Mergers
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:10:00 – 00:10:41): And I want to get to the capitalism, because at that time when I was reading Road to Freedom, I would say nobody explains capitalism better than Arthur C. Brooks. It was you, Sowell, and Milton Friedman. You explained it in a way — it’s very good company. Well, you are in that company, whether you — I’m sure you know it because of the work you’ve done. But go back to this marriage thing. It’s scary, Arthur. Both you and I — I just celebrated 17 years, and we got 4 kids. You got 3 kids. And your kids are doing well. We’ll talk about that here in a minute.
But going into it, let’s talk about somebody that’s single, not those that are married. We’ll talk about how to stay married, but you’re single, you’re looking for a spouse. Where do I find them? How do I know if I’m ready to get married? How do I filter it out?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:10:41 – 00:10:42): Right.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:10:42 – 00:10:44): What are some things I need to do getting into it?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:10:44 – 00:10:52): Yeah, so number one, getting married earlier is better than waiting longer. This is important — now I’m not talking about 16, right?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:10:53 – 00:10:53): Old school.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:10:54 – 00:11:21): I’m not talking about getting married when you’re a teenager. I’m talking about getting married in your early to mid-20s. That’s optimal. Not everybody can work that out. It’s just fine if you get married in your 30s — that can have really happy relationships too. But the whole point is you want a joint startup with a woman. You don’t want a merger if you can avoid it. Mergers are less successful than startups. I’m bringing coals to Newcastle by telling you this — mergers usually don’t work very well. And the same thing is true with mergers inside relationships.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:11:21 – 00:11:25): Mergers meaning you come with 2 kids, I come with 2 kids, we merge that.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:11:25 – 00:11:58): I mean, it’s like, you got your career, I got my career, I got my bank account, you’ve got your bank account, let’s merge. And that’s because we’re super independent, and that’s basically a hedge against a lack of success. It’s like, I’m going to do everything first. I’m going to finish my PhD, and then I’ll talk about getting married, right? That’s a merger marriage. It can work, but a startup together, like my wife and I — we grew up together. I was 24 when I fell in love with her. I’ve been locked down, as we say in social science, since I was 24 years old. I don’t remember life before. Were you a player before? I was a musician, so, you know, I had—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:11:59 – 00:12:01): You were around beautiful girls if you’re a musician.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:12:01 – 00:12:03): Yeah, it’s classical music, so—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:12:06 – 00:12:07): Okay, slightly different.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:12:07 – 00:12:08): Slightly different.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:12:08 – 00:12:08): Yeah.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:12:08 – 00:12:56): The whole point is I was always a pretty serious guy, though, and I had — my parents had a very successful marriage. My dad loved my mom. And that’s the most important thing, by the way, that men — that’s the biggest gift that men can give their sons — is that you have one job with your son if you want to raise a good man: love his mom. That’s the one big job, is to love his mom.
And my dad loved my mom, and that was really a big deal for me, because I knew that was the source and sum of what it meant to love and be loved. So I was after that. I wasn’t, when I was 19 years old, saying, where’s my wife, where’s my wife. I dated and met different people, and I knew that this wasn’t it and that wasn’t it. But I had a strong premonition that this woman was going to be my better half, that this woman was going to complete me.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:12:56 – 00:12:57): Based on what?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:12:57 – 00:14:10): I don’t know. It was a cosmic connection in its own way. And it could have gone wrong. I think that people really know because the right hemisphere of our brain, which is where we actually understand — where we have our intuition, where we ask the why questions, that has mystery and meaning — is where we process it. The left hemisphere of our brain is the how-to side.
When you’re with somebody and you have this union, where you kind of click, it’s because your right hemispheres are actually in sync. There are people who talk about brain-to-brain coupling using fMRI machines, and that’s actually the case. So you can use a dating app to use the left hemisphere, which is analysis and information and all that, and say, oh yeah, she seems like a good match for me. But when you’re with her and you’re like, I don’t know what it is, but it seems like this is a person who completes me, that’s the phenomenon of 2 hearts beating as one, which is really 2 right hemispheres working in sync.
And it still might not work out. You still got to make sure that you have a period of appropriate courting. But then there are characteristics too. People are so funny — they say, I want somebody I respect, for sure. But the key thing is, for guys — what percentage of your audience are men?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:14:10 – 00:14:10): 85%.
The Adoration-Admiration Dichotomy
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:14:10 – 00:16:21): 85%. Okay. 70% of my audience are women, interestingly, because of the happiness stuff. But for men, for example, successful relationships have a difference between what men and women actually give to each other. Respect, mutually, for sure — that’s really important. Commitment, absolutely. Lack of commitment is an absolute killer. You should only be going with somebody who can make a commitment to you — no fooling, not talking to others, not posting thirst traps on the internet, none of the nonsense, all of it gone, right?
But the whole point is that she admires you — men can stay with and fall in love with and be really happy with women who admire them. And women can stay with and be happy with men who adore them. It’s called the adoration-admiration dichotomy. And that comes from evolutionary biology. Back in the Pleistocene days, in the middle Pleistocene, 250,000 years ago, when our brains were more or less what they are still today — we haven’t changed that much since that period — we lived in kin-based groups that were related, hunter-gatherers. And women made this huge commitment with pregnancy and taking care of babies. And you needed somebody who was deeply committed to you, and you knew that because of adoration. He’s like, I would fight a tiger for you with my bare hands. And you knew it was true. That’s adoration.
And he needs admiration from you, so that he will continue always to have this incentive to drag in that gazelle day after day. And she’s going to be like, that is the biggest gazelle anybody’s ever brought in. And you know it’s true in our marriages, right? Yours and mine. I bet you that your wife really admires you and she’s super impressed by this cool stuff that you’re doing, right? She’s mad at you a lot because you’re working too much and you’re not paying enough attention, and she’s like, I’m over here. Of course, because you’re a striver. But at the end of the day, she’s like, that’s my husband. That’s my husband. And that’s all you want. I’ll do a talk for 20,000 people in an arena. I do 150 talks a year. If my wife is out there, that’s all I care about. Afterward, I’m like, how’d it go?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:16:21 – 00:16:24): Do you feel yourself doing better if she’s in the audience?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:16:24 – 00:16:28): I find myself more nervous when she’s in the audience. Stop it. I’m never nervous when I speak. Stop it. Never.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:16:29 – 00:16:30): Never. When she’s there, you get more nervous.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:16:30 – 00:16:31): I’m completely nervous.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:16:31 – 00:16:32): Because you want to perform.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:16:32 – 00:16:49): I want her to admire me. I want her to truly say, that was great. And if she walks into a crowded room, she wants me to be going, “mm.” After 35 years, that’s adoration. That’s the sign of adoration.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:16:49 – 00:16:50): How do you maintain that?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:16:51 – 00:16:51): Well—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:16:51 – 00:16:52): Because that’s work.
Four Protocols for a Strong Relationship
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:16:52 – 00:17:42): Yeah, you do it on purpose. There’s a lot of other stuff that you can do too. I have 4 protocols that I give couples who have been either newly together or long married. That will actually solidify those tendencies, will neurochemically solidify those tendencies. Do you want to know the 4 protocols?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: Please.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Number 1 is have more fun. When you’re having trouble, all you ever do is rehearse your problems. One of the most important things you can do is flood the zone with fun. You like riding your bikes? Go ride your bikes. You like binging a TV show? Binge the TV show. Go to the beach. Do the stuff that you actually like together, because mutually fun experiences are extremely bonding. Having fun together is extremely bonding.
The second thing is reading to each other, which actually will neurochemically bond you to each other.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:17:42 – 00:17:44): Reading to each other?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Yeah, reading to each other.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:17:44 – 00:18:16): Like you read your kids, read to each other. And it’s especially important, I strongly recommend reading to each other in bed. Don’t ever look at your phones when you’re in bed. Your phone shouldn’t even be with you for the last hour before you go to sleep, so that for the architecture of your sleep, for the functioning of your pineal gland, natural melatonin, all that blue screen stuff — we all know that. But the whole point is it’ll wreck your relationship to be staring at your phone before you go to bed. That’s a sacred time in your marriage, in your relationship. So I strongly recommend reading to each other in bed before you go to sleep, from a real physical book.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:18:16 – 00:18:19): So give me an example, like the last time you did it, what do you—
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:18:19 – 00:18:21): Well, every night.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:18:21 – 00:18:22): You literally read to her?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:18:22 – 00:18:32): Yeah, I came in last night because we’re taping the show in the morning. So on FaceTime, we read to each other at night before we go to sleep, because I’m on the road 48 weeks a year.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:18:32 – 00:18:33): So whatever book you’re reading, you just read to her?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:18:33 – 00:18:35): No, we read the Psalms.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:18:35 – 00:18:36): You read the Psalms to each other?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:18:36 – 00:18:40): We read the Psalms, yeah. And that’s a lot of love.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:18:40 – 00:18:41): For how long have you been doing that?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:18:42 – 00:19:29): Years, we’ve been doing that. And particularly in the last 2 — we’ve been doing it more, and doing it more consciously. And part of the reason is because I eat my own cooking. I do the research, and then I follow my own research, because if I don’t, shame on me.
So reading to each other will give you brain-to-brain coupling like crazy. And if it’s love poetry, all the stronger. The 3rd rule is called the ABT rule: always be touching. Always be touching. Always be touching. Now, that’s actually more important for men than it is for women. The guys watching us are like, yeah, she always wants to be holding your hand. And actually, it’s you, dude. Non-sexual touch is critically important for the production of the neuropeptide vasopressin, which gives you the feeling of being big and strong. So when a couple’s walking down the street and she hooks her arm inside his, you know how it makes you feel like you’re 7 feet tall?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:19:30 – 00:19:30): That’s right.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:19:30 – 00:19:36): That’s because you get this vasopressin boost when your wife, when your girlfriend—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:19:36 – 00:19:37): I’m a protector. I’m a man.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:19:37 – 00:19:42): Yeah. So always be touching. When you’re sitting on the couch, when you’re lying in bed, when you’re reading to each other—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:19:42 – 00:19:44): Are you saying this to him or to her?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:19:44 – 00:19:48): Both. Always be touching, but I’m especially saying that to her, to always be touching him.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:19:49 – 00:19:49): Interesting.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:19:49 – 00:20:32): Always be touching him. And the last is eye contact, and that’s because of an even more powerful neuropeptide called oxytocin. Oxytocin, which functions as a hormone in the brain, is also known as the love molecule. It’s a bonding neuropeptide where we know our kin, and it’s especially profound when we have eye contact with a loved one. So the last thing, as you go to sleep, after you finish reading and you close the book and you’re lying on your pillows looking at each other because your phones are long gone — you stare at each other and talk. Eye contact and talk. That’s the big connection. And that’s what will get you back to the adoration-admiration mutual system that you need to have a long and happy relationship.
Family Traditions and Faith
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:20:33 – 00:20:40): Very interesting. So in regard to traditions in the family, rituals — what traditions and rituals does the Brooks family have?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:20:40 – 00:21:50): Yeah, they’ve actually gotten stronger over the years, but we’ve had a pretty traditional family from the very beginning. We’ve been married for a long time, and we have children, and we always had, to the extent that we could, family dinner together. Eating together is important, because when Homo sapiens were in the Pleistocene, we sat around the campfire looking into each other’s eyes as we put pieces of yak meat into our mouths. That’s when you get the mutual oxytocin as a family. And no phones at the table — that’s always been a real rule. So family dinner always, and no phones at the table.
We’ve always prayed together a lot. We prayed the rosary together — we’re Catholics. We’ve gone to Mass together every week, every week, every week, which is truly important for us to actually practice our religion together. When our kids are little, there’s always prayer. People ask me all the time, what do I do so my kids follow my faith? And the answer, number one, is have them see you practicing the faith. It doesn’t matter what you tell them. You could talk to your kids in Farsi and they wouldn’t understand what you’re talking about. Do they speak Farsi?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:21:51 – 00:21:53): English. Their mother’s American.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:21:53 – 00:21:56): Okay, so you could talk to them in Farsi and they wouldn’t understand what you’re talking about.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:21:56 – 00:21:56): No.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:21:57 – 00:23:26): But they would observe you and do that. So the number one predictor of kids growing up, especially sons, and practicing the faith, is their father practicing the faith. When I was a kid, my dad was huge and strong — I mean, he was neither huge nor strong, I thought my dad could lift the corner of the house, he was so strong because he was such a big guy. He was a math professor. He couldn’t. And he was proud and never would have bent the knee to any other man. But every night he was on his knees next to my bed. And that had a huge influence on the little dude, because it said that’s what it means to be a big, strong man: to bow in reverence before the Lord, if you’re religious. Not everybody watching us is religious, or at least not religious yet, because people change over the course of their lives. And that was really important to me. And I did that with my kids too.
Practice of faith, practice of the ritual of being together, eating together, spending time together, making sure that we each actually could talk to each other. One more thing, which is important in family life: never freak out. Never freak out. Your kids are going to be a crisis. Teenagers are a nightmare, a complete nightmare. The best ones are a little nightmare, the worst ones are a major nightmare. My brother taught me this, because he had kids younger than me and he’s older than me. And I said, give me some advice. He said, never freak out, because it’ll never help. So never freak out. No matter what, there’s a solution.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:23:27 – 00:23:29): What’s the craziest thing to happen where you didn’t freak out?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:23:29 – 00:23:49): Well, I’m an academic. My middle son, Carlos, college wasn’t for him. And it’s like, I don’t know what I’m going to do. I didn’t freak out. We found him a job on a wheat farm in Idaho. It was a very hard job. We didn’t freak out. We did something that was good for him.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:23:50 – 00:23:51): He wanted that job?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:23:51 – 00:23:53): Yeah, for sure. He wanted to work outside with his hands.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:23:53 – 00:23:56): How did he find that job in Idaho? You guys were in Virginia.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:23:56 – 00:24:19): Well, at the time we were living in Maryland. Then we moved to Massachusetts. Then we moved — we moved 20 times together as a family. And I had a friend who had grown up on a farm in Idaho, and his dad needed a man and needed a greenhorn. So my son went out to Idaho at 18 and lived in a farmer’s basement.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:24:19 – 00:24:22): How did he know he wanted to do that? Was it like an internship?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:24:22 – 00:25:27): No, it wasn’t an internship. It was making $11 an hour. He saved a lot of money because there’s nothing to spend money on in Grangeville, Idaho. And he did that for 13, 14 months, through 2 harvests. It was hard work — 11, 12 hours a day pulling rocks out of the soil. And then he was ready for the next thing. He joined the Marine Corps. These are very different patterns — breaking the patterns in my own particular family — but I didn’t get alarmed by it. Everything is an opportunity. We’re entrepreneurs in life, is what it comes down to. And he was building his own best life.
What I knew was, if I freaked out and tried to force him into some ridiculous, useless college experience, he was probably going to smoke a lot of weed and party all the time and not learn anything. So my freaking out would have made everything worse. On the contrary, we treated it as an opportunity. Now my son is 26, has 2 sons, happily married. Actually, he’s in college now. He’s killing it. He’s on the Dean’s List.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:25:27 – 00:25:28): At 26?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:25:28 – 00:25:28): 26.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:25:28 – 00:25:30): So when did he go back to college?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:25:30 – 00:25:32): He went back to college last year, started at 25.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:25:32 – 00:25:33): What does he want to do now?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:25:33 – 00:25:55): He’s studying business. He worked for Clark Construction, which is a very fine construction company in the Capital Region, after he got out of the Marine Corps, and he wants to go back as a senior manager. By the way, I didn’t go to college till I was 28. So it’s not like I had any ground to stand on — I had no credibility trying to force all my kids into college at 18.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:25:55 – 00:25:57): No college till 28 for you?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:25:57 – 00:26:02): Well, I went for one year and then dropped out — kicked out, splitting hairs. I wasn’t ready.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:26:02 – 00:26:05): And then later on, when you found out what you wanted to do, then you went to college?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:26:05 – 00:26:09): Yeah, I went to college and graduated a month before my 30th birthday.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:26:09 – 00:26:11): Now you said you met your wife at 23?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:26:12 – 00:26:14): I met my wife right after turning 24.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:26:14 – 00:26:15): Turning 24?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:26:15 – 00:26:17): In France, on a concert tour.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:26:17 – 00:26:18): When did you guys get married?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:26:18 – 00:26:28): We got married when I was 27. It took me — I moved to Barcelona at 25, and it took me 2 years to close the deal, because she wasn’t ready to marry me yet.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:26:28 – 00:26:28): She wasn’t ready?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:26:28 – 00:26:38): No. She’s a real European — “I don’t believe in marriage. Marriage is restrictive. It’s just a piece of paper. We can be happy any old way.” I’m like, we’ll see. I was determined.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:26:38 – 00:26:40): Is she also a traditional Catholic at the time?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:26:40 – 00:26:52): No, she grew up in a hard-red family. They didn’t have any — the last time she had been in a church was her first communion, at age 8. That was a big project.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:26:53 – 00:27:00): Did her family — was her family involved in the decision? Was she kind of ousting her family? Were they upset? Were they supportive?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:27:01 – 00:27:10): They were mystified when she wound up with this pretty traditional American guy. I was a musician and I had long hair, so that gave me a little bit of credibility with the hippies.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:27:11 – 00:27:14): Do you have a picture — type in “young Arthur C. Brooks.”
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:27:14 – 00:27:16): Yeah, that’s unfortunate. We’re going to see this, we’re going to shock and awe.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:27:16 – 00:27:19): I want to see what you look like. Let’s just take a look, see what comes up.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:27:20 – 00:27:24): Young, let’s say — there we go, there we go.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:27:24 – 00:27:25): Right, first one, second one.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:27:27 – 00:27:34): That’s where we first met. Yeah, so it was — this is like a once-great civilization, Patrick.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:27:35 – 00:27:36): I mean, that’s long hair right there.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:27:37 – 00:27:44): Yeah, but we worked on it, and it was something that we did together to really find her faith path.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:27:44 – 00:27:46): Kenny G-looking guy right there.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:27:47 – 00:27:47): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:27:48 – 00:27:52): So what age — you guys got married 2 years later, so 25, 26?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:27:52 – 00:27:53): I was 27 when we got married.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:27:53 – 00:27:56): 27, you got married. When did you have your first kid?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:27:57 – 00:28:07): We moved to the States the year after that. We immigrated to the United States in 1992, and our first son was born in 1998. Took us a while to have our first son.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:08 – 00:28:08): Okay.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:08 – 00:28:12): But then we had another 2 years later, and we adopted our third child after that.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:12 – 00:28:13): So 3 total now?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:13 – 00:28:13): 3 total.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:14 – 00:28:14): Okay.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:14 – 00:28:16): So 4 grandsons so far and counting.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:16 – 00:28:17): That’s amazing.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:17 – 00:28:19): They’re multiplying quickly.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:19 – 00:28:19): That’s amazing.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:19 – 00:28:20): Yeah, I know. It’s great.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:20 – 00:28:20): Yeah.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:20 – 00:28:21): Yeah, that’s right.
Letting Kids Leave and Find Their Own Path
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:21 – 00:28:29): So go back to the idea of — about a year and a half ago, I was having dinner with Tom, and his daughter got accepted to Rice.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:30 – 00:28:30): That’s great.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:31 – 00:28:49): And he’s all excited — that’s the school they wanted to go to. She wants to be a GM in baseball, she’s big on baseball statistics. We go to dinner — this is one of my best friends, if not my best friend in life — and I look at him, and she’s only been gone for a week.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:49 – 00:28:49): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:50 – 00:28:51): And I said, how you doing?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:53 – 00:28:53): And he’s trying—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:28:53 – 00:28:59): I tell you, half a second, he just breaks and starts crying.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:28:59 – 00:29:02): Yeah, breaks. So it’s his first child to leave.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:29:02 – 00:29:23): It’s the first one leaving. He’s got 2 of them. The next one’s going to — she’s very good in school as well, they’re both an academia family. So how do you handle it as a parent when the kids get to a point of leaving? Because you know they got to go spread their wings and pursue their dreams. How do you manage those moments?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:29:23 – 00:30:57): Yeah, so it was hard for me — I told you about my son Carlos. His brother, who’s 2 years older, named Joaquin, left and went to Princeton, a really nice college. I was very proud of that. But it was so hard when he left, because it felt like something’s changing, and the glue inside the family is kind of coming apart.
But you celebrate the fact that they are becoming the people they’re supposed to be. And they’re not your kids — they’re God’s kids. I learned that from my wife, by the way, because she gradually came into a very strong sense of who she was, and now she leads me. I remember one time we were really struggling with Carlos, our middle son, because he was unmotivated and things weren’t going well. He was a very rebellious teenager. And she was praying, and I was listening to her praying. She says, “Lord, you have a big problem with Carlos. How can I help?” And you don’t have to be religious to take the idea that they have their own destiny, their own journey, and you’re a helper along in that journey, to celebrate that along its way and to look at the good.
It is tricky at the very beginning, for sure. It was maybe even trickier when my last child left, because that was right after COVID, and she made a run for the border — she went to college in Spain for her first 2 years. That was really hard too. But we’re mostly all back together in the same area again. They’re super traditional. It’s funny, because I come from a family that’s pretty progressive, from Seattle. I grew up in Seattle, where everybody’s progressive.
From Progressive Roots to Conservative Views
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:30:57 – 00:30:58): You grew up in Seattle?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:30:58 – 00:30:59): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:30:59 – 00:31:00): How progressive?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:31:00 – 00:31:37): My dad was a college professor. My mother was an artist in Seattle. What do you think their politics were? I kind of thought for myself. I remember when I was in my 20s, I was back from the orchestra in Barcelona, and I was spending a week or something with my family in Seattle. I was in the kitchen cooking dinner with my mom, and she’s being really weirdly quiet. I’m like, Mom, something on your mind? And she said, yes, actually there is. Your father and I are very worried about you. I want to ask you a question, and I want an honest answer, and I want you to know that we’ll love you either way. Have you been voting for Republicans?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:31:38 – 00:31:40): How old were you at this time?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:31:43 – 00:31:44): 28, I guess.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:31:44 – 00:31:47): Okay. Were they seeing patterns where something could be happening?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:31:47 – 00:31:53): Oh yeah. I was reading about capitalism, and I was studying economics. I had just gone back to college and was taking economics courses.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:31:53 – 00:31:57): Who got a hold of you? What was the tipping point for you to say socialism was more complex?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:31:58 – 00:33:04): I was studying by correspondence. I never set foot in a classroom, so there was no brainwashing. I was simply reading texts. I was reading social science by people that I admired. The people I admired the most were Thomas Sowell, Milton Friedman, Hayek, James Q. Wilson — the great conservative political scientist from Harvard. These are the people who really influenced me a lot. James Q. Wilson went on to become my mentor for years and years afterward. He sat in on my dissertation defense when I got my PhD. He wrote the foreword to my first commercial book. He was a huge influence on my life, for sure. And he was the one who gave me the best advice about how to be a conservative in academia.
I remember I got protested early on, because I was writing for the Wall Street Journal — capitalism, 3 cheers, that kind of thing. I got protested at some university and I called him up and said, Jim, I’m afraid I’m not going to get tenure. What do I do? And he said, oh, don’t worry about it. I said, well, what do you mean don’t worry about it? He said, it’s a simple formula: you need to be twice as productive as the liberals and 4 times as nice. And then you’ll be fine.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:33:04 – 00:33:08): Wow. Twice as productive, 4 times as nice.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:33:08 – 00:33:14): Yeah. And then hold yourself to a higher standard and you’ll be fine. And you know what, he’s completely right. He was completely right.
Being Conservative in Academia
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:33:15 – 00:33:19): Give me the biggest confrontation, where somebody approached you and said, how could you have these positions?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:33:19 – 00:35:01): Oh, it’s happened constantly. And again, people are very rarely mean to me. During the real height of the woke movement in 2019 and 2020, there was a huge amount of bitterness and unpleasantness inside academia, and it wasn’t personal — it was just that the moment of activism was so sharp-edged that everybody was feeling a whole lot of terrible, terrible — it was disastrous inside academia during those times. There’s a cover article in The Atlantic this month from a guy who was teaching at Bates College who talked about how it was so bad that he wound up just leaving academia entirely, and he’s a big liberal. He just couldn’t handle it anymore, the illiberal environment that was going on there.
But the truth is, I’ve had colleagues roll their eyes at me, again and again. When I was a junior professor at Syracuse, I had a senior professor who kind of denounced me in print for my retrograde views. And the whole point was, twice as productive, 4 times as nice — go back to your office and write your articles. And that’s counsel for life, man, because if you’re going to be successful, number one, you have to think for yourself. This is why every time you find something really cool and successful and entrepreneurial in America, there’s always a Persian in there someplace. You guys are badasses. You guys think for yourselves, and that’s super important. But to do that, you’ve got to have an insurance policy. You can’t be mediocre and you can’t be a jerk. You have to be good to people. You have to be honest, impeccable with your word, is what it comes down to. And then for the most part, you’ll be okay.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:35:02 – 00:35:10): As a professor, how do you do it? How do you keep the relationships? I guess it makes sense — work twice as hard, be 4 times as good.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:35:10 – 00:35:40): Yeah. The other thing to keep in mind is that I’ve seen a lot of those debates in academia over the years, because I’ve spent 30 years in and out of academia. Of the people who were watching that debate, the ones who felt comfortable cheering were the ones on one side, and the ones on the other side were just silent. And that’s bad too, don’t get me wrong. But I spent the last 7 years full-time at Harvard. I just moved to Vanderbilt, actually. So I’m a new full-time professor at Vanderbilt University in Nashville, which is really exciting.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:35:40 – 00:35:41): How do you do that? Are you traveling?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:35:41 – 00:35:43): Yeah, I commute, and I’m doing a lot of stuff.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:35:43 – 00:35:44): Vanderbilt right now is like—
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:35:44 – 00:35:45): That’s the hot school.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:35:45 – 00:35:49): Oh my God, everybody in my community is like, forget about Harvard, you want to go to Vanderbilt.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:35:49 – 00:35:52): I mean, Harvard’s awesome. Vanderbilt is just a very new and exciting place.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:35:52 – 00:35:53): What happened? Why is it big?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:35:53 – 00:36:16): Well, they have a chancellor named Daniel Diermeier, and he’s stellar. He’s like, we believe in the free expression of ideas, because the competition of ideas is fundamental to a free society, and we actually mean it, which is good. And so the result is that a lot of people want to send their kids there. It was the most selective school in America last year — they accepted 2.9%.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:36:16 – 00:36:17): They accepted 2.9%?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:36:18 – 00:37:02): Yeah, of undergraduates for admission last year. So it’s the hot place right now. But I had a great time at Harvard as well. The whole point was that during that time, it was harder for people with a conservative viewpoint to feel comfortable expressing themselves. So that was my job — to be open about my views. I’m not a firebrand. I’m not nuts. I believe in the American dream. I believe in opportunity for all. I believe in lifting people out of poverty through opportunity, hard work, and personal responsibility. These are good old-fashioned American values. I also believe in the American military. I think the United States is a force for good throughout the world. I want families to be able to thrive. I’m old school, is what it comes down to.
A Friendship with Oprah Winfrey
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:37:02 – 00:37:20): I mean, listen, if 2 of your kids joined the Marines, that tells you what those kids’ parents believe in — honor, courage, respect — and you can’t judge it any other way when the parent’s supportive of that. But stay on this with me, because I know you wrote a book with Oprah Winfrey.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:37:20 – 00:37:20): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:37:21 – 00:37:43): And it became a number one New York Times bestseller. You guys have done a lot of different things together. She’s obviously a capitalist — you wouldn’t be worth a few billion dollars if you’re not a capitalist. But sometimes she endorses, hey, me and Trump are friends, and she said many years ago, why don’t we run together, when they joked about it 20 years ago. And she endorses Obama or Kamala, no problem. But she knows where you are.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:37:43 – 00:37:43): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:37:43 – 00:37:52): And you know where she’s at. How do you make that work? How does that relationship happen? Is that the same thing, work twice as hard, 4 times as nice?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:37:52 – 00:39:11): Well, I try to be, but she also works 4 times as hard and she’s 8 times as nice. Oprah Winfrey is one of the most unusual people I’ve ever met in my life. She’s the real deal. There are people all over the media who like to trash anybody, because that’s sort of a cottage industry in media. She’s highly intelligent, unbelievably entrepreneurial, extremely hardworking, high integrity, and she’s a great person. She’s the same person. It’s funny, because you and I have both met a ton of really famous people — they’ve all been on your show. Mostly they’re different in public and in private, because they have to be. They have to have a public persona, but they have to have a private life. She’s the same person. The person she appears to be — magnanimous, kind, caring about other people — she’s exactly the same person when we’re having dinner alone, just the two of us at her house in Montecito, California. She’s the same person. I’ve never seen anything like it.
And the result is that she’s been able to attain happiness in spite of fame, which very rarely happens. She’s a fundamentally happy person, and hardworking and innovative and intelligent. And the result is that she and I never get to politics when we talk, because we have so much other — we’ve mentioned things about politics, but we’re thinking about other things that are more important. We’re thinking about things that actually are more human importance.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:39:12 – 00:39:14): Has she ever asked you, so Arthur, why do you vote the way you vote?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:39:14 – 00:39:41): Yeah, we’ll talk about things like that, and I’ll say it’s capitalism, it’s prosperity, it’s opportunity. Fundamentally, it’s the opportunity of society that brought the Bet-Davids to America. If we lose that, we’re just upside down, man. We’re just like another country on the UN rolls, from Albania to Zimbabwe. If we can’t be a magnet for you, we’ve got nothing. And that means we need to be a capitalist society based on opportunity for all.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:39:42 – 00:40:23): I love that. And again, she’s one of the best stories on capitalism we have in America — someone to aspire to and say, if she can go from where she was to where she’s at today.
Walk me through your thought — you’re in school, you’re around students, you’re around kids coming up, and they’re constantly calling you out, debating: hey, Professor Brooks, what about this, what about that? Why do you think socialism is so hot today? You see what’s going on with AOC — she’s number 2 on the ballot on a lot of these Calshi markets, behind Newsom. Newsom’s dropped off, socialism’s come up. You see Hasan Piker as a voice for a lot of younger kids that are agitated, angry. Why do you think socialism’s becoming so popular again with the youth?
Why Socialism Is Popular With Young People Again
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:40:24 – 00:41:30): Well, there are 2 things actually going on. Number one is that there are real trends in the American economy that are problematic, and it actually has nothing to do with capitalism — it has to do with capitalism not working. Competition requires rules and collaboration and fair play. That’s what capitalism actually requires. And what we’ve got is a lot of cronyism. We have wired markets that are not very free. If you like this ruinously expensive healthcare system we have in this country, where it’s basically 2 tiers — you and I have great healthcare, but if you don’t have a lot of money, you don’t have good healthcare, you don’t even know who your doctor is, you can’t see your doctor for months at a time, your medicine is unbelievably expensive because these are wired deals in the way the whole set of markets is regulated. If you’re a big company, you have better access to lawmakers than if you’re a small company. The system is kind of wired, is the whole point.
We’ve had unbelievably stupid policies that have led to the inflation we see today. Who does inflation hurt? People who have to buy gas and groceries and are of moderate income. So they’re justifiably angry.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:41:30 – 00:41:31): Specific stupid policies.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:41:31 – 00:43:08): Stupid policies, particularly during the Biden administration, but not limited to it, where we spend too ruinously on stuff that Americans don’t need, so that we have large budget deficits. We borrow tons of money, we pour lots of money through the public sector into the economy and heat it up too much. And the result is we’ve had persistent inflation. Persistent inflation doesn’t bother guys like you and me too much, because we’re high-income people. But it really bothers a lot of good, honest, hardworking Americans who are trying to pay the bills, who have to put gasoline in their pickup trucks to haul their stuff around, and they go to the grocery store and food is 4 or 5% more expensive every single year, and they’re justifiably angry about that. So they say, we can talk about capitalism all we want, but I don’t see it and I don’t feel it. And that’s legit.
The second thing is that we’re a long way from what you and I saw with socialism, which was gulags and death marches, what was actually going on during the Cold War. That’s not what young people have seen today. When they think of a socialist, they think of one of their college professors — a guy in a turtleneck and a blazer with a nice little beard, and the guy looks like me. That’s a socialist for most of them. And they have kind of good ideas — we’ll make groceries less expensive, healthcare for all, and we can actually afford that. And they show them some numbers that appear to make it affordable. And the result is that every generation has to relearn that. And the way every generation relearns is they try it, it fails, and they say, oh, that’s no good, and they start again.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:43:08 – 00:43:25): So you think that’s all it is? You think it’s just a pattern? You think the momentum right now is very high because affordability is a real problem that the Republican Party is not really taking that seriously? I think they’re kind of like, ah, it’s just fake news. I think affordability is a real thing.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:43:25 – 00:43:26): It’s a real problem.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:43:26 – 00:43:28): It’s a huge problem. So which one do you think it is more?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:43:28 – 00:44:11): I think democratic socialism is a fad. This whole thing with the most radical candidates, that’s something that we toy with and generally don’t adopt except in certain locations. That’s not going to take over the Democratic Party — the Democratic Party is not completely insane. Now, that’s a reaction to a lot of what’s actually happened with right-wing populism. Right-wing populism has created a counterreaction. My wife always says that American society is propelled by panics and fads — probably you’re sympathetic to this idea. It’s like panics and fads, all hula hoops and weird diets and whatever new thing distracts us from general cultural decline.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:44:12 – 00:44:23): How do you address the affordability of things? Have you thought about, these are 3 things I would do to address it if I was an economic advisor to the president or the next president — these are the things I would work on?
Fixing Affordability
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:44:23 – 00:44:38): Yeah, there are a lot of policies that would actually be really helpful. Number one, we need more deregulation. We’re in Florida — there’s a reason you have your business in Florida. It wasn’t just because the weather’s pretty good.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:44:38 – 00:44:39): It’s intentional.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:44:39 – 00:46:52): It’s intentional. It’s a good business environment. This is a place people are moving to because they want you to succeed. They celebrate your success. They’re not putting up barriers in front of you. We need more business environments like what’s going on in Florida. We need more deregulation. That’s a classic, absolutely conservative prescription for what we actually see, and I think that’s critically important, that we get back to that. We create more opportunities for people this way.
The second thing is we need to be a lot more serious about the two-tier education system we have in this country. The truth is that if you’re poor, you’re more likely to get a crummy education than if you’re not poor. And that’s just not right. Now, the solution isn’t just to throw hundreds of billions more dollars into the traditional education system, because that will just get gobbled up — we know that’s not the answer. We need more education choice. We need more charter schools. We need more opportunities for highly motivated parents of moderate means to get their kids educated in better ways, which is really important. Expansion of trade and vocational education is another way to feed the system with people who are better educated, better trained to participate in the economy. Because I’m telling you, if you come out of high school and do a year of vocational training in HVAC, you’re going to make money. If you know how to hook up electricity in somebody’s house, you’re going to make money, is what it comes down to. We need more respect for the vocations, for the trades, and we need more training for that.
And then the third thing we need to be thinking about is presidents and Congress that care about cronyism. It’s just not right that if you’re powerful and you have good lawyers, you’re more wired into the system in government — you’ve got more privileges, you’re able to block other people out more. We need more of an actual free system that will allow small companies in particular to thrive. And if we did those 3 things, at the very least to start, we could reignite the engine of opportunity in this country.
Books, Wisdom, and Eastern Philosophy
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: Dale Carnegie — he was the master of what we think of as self-improvement, but it’s a handbook on how to live a good life, is what it comes down to.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:46:52 – 00:46:56): He wrote another book called How to Stop Worrying and Start Living, How to Win Friends and Influence People.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:46:56 – 00:46:59): I love How to Stop Worrying and Start Living.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:46:59 – 00:46:59): Great book.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:46:59 – 00:47:03): I love that book too. I actually read that book. I have it on my iPad and I go back to it.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:47:03 – 00:47:06): Do you remember his formula? What was it like?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:47:06 – 00:47:07): I can’t remember the formula.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:47:07 – 00:47:18): He would say, okay, so you’re worried about your marriage. Go to the worst thing that could happen — get a divorce, humiliated kids. Okay, is it okay? Can you handle the worst case? Now come back up. That’s probably not going to happen.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:47:18 – 00:47:36): Successful people are all anxious. They’re anxiety junkies, as a matter of fact. I’ll talk to people who are worrying, and I’ll say, how do you deal with it? It’s something very much like that, where you — I used to work at the RAND Corporation, the think tank in Santa Monica.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:47:36 – 00:47:39): I thought it was Ayn Rand, but it’s not.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:47:39 – 00:47:43): No, nothing to do with it. It was a research and development place for the Defense Department during the Cold War.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:47:44 – 00:47:47): And just like half a billion a year. I looked at the numbers, I’m like, this is a real—
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:47:47 – 00:47:53): I was doing military operations research, doing mathematical modeling for the Air Force at the time.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:47:53 – 00:47:54): Why RAND?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:47:54 – 00:48:27): It stood for Research and Development. Originally it was just an acronym, but what’s the “N” for? It’s really kind of research and no development. Just research, is what it came down to. I recommend a couple of Eastern classics, as a matter of fact — I recommend anything by the Dalai Lama. I’ve had the privilege of working with the Dalai Lama for the past 13 years, so I know his work quite intimately at this point, especially for Westerners. But there’s a book by a Vietnamese monk named Thích Nhất Hạnh called The Miracle of Mindfulness. That’s a strong book that I think—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:48:27 – 00:48:31): He opens the chapter by talking about washing the dishes.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:48:31 – 00:48:32): Yes, the washing the dishes.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:48:32 – 00:48:32): Yes.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:48:33 – 00:48:33): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:48:33 – 00:48:33): Yes.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:48:34 – 00:48:42): When you’re washing the dishes, you should only be washing the dishes, because if you’re not, you’re not fully present. You’re not fully alive. You’re missing your life.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:48:42 – 00:48:47): Can you pull up the other books he wrote? Can you go on his page there if you don’t mind?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:48:47 – 00:48:48): Look — oh yeah, we’re looking at the—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:48:48 – 00:49:03): There is another. Keep going to the next. Keep going. Yeah, he wrote one book where he says the key to happiness is the avoidance of stress.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:49:04 – 00:49:06): Yeah, that’s right. I don’t believe it.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:49:06 – 00:49:08): Okay, thank God. Yeah, I didn’t believe that when I read that.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:49:08 – 00:50:33): No, no, no. That’s a very Buddhist thing, in a way. So I recommend that all Westerners have some sophistication in Buddhist philosophy. I think it’s actually really important, including serious Christians like you and me. Part of the reason is because it’s looking through the prism in a different way of life.
Buddhism is based on 4 Noble Truths, the first of which is that life is suffering. Actually, the word in Sanskrit is dukkha, and dukkha really means dissatisfaction. Life is unsatisfying — that’s really what the first noble truth of Buddhism is. And it’s right — you and I are struggling and striving because we’re not satisfied yet. The second noble truth of Buddhism is that the reason for that dissatisfaction is craving, is attachment. The third noble truth is that the secret is detachment. And the fourth noble truth is the Eightfold Path of Buddhism — you got to do all this stuff to be a Buddhist, is what it comes down to.
But understanding attachment is critically important for all of us. So that’s one of the reasons I recommend The Miracle of Mindfulness by this Buddhist monk, to get a little bit more of that — not to become a Buddhist. The Dalai Lama said he didn’t want me to be a Buddhist. He wanted me to be a better Catholic, because that was my path. And I believe it’s true that it is my path, to be sure. So I strongly recommend that people think about that as well.
Becoming an Autodidact
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:50:33 – 00:50:51): Do you think somebody who doesn’t have access to a good education, doesn’t have the money to go to college, can have the ability to still be an autodidact and approach education from a non-traditional, non-university way, and still succeed?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:50:51 – 00:50:55): Yeah, for sure. You did. Lots of people do. Absolutely. That’s absolutely the case.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:50:55 – 00:50:59): What’s the right approach to it? Is there a philosophy? Is there a way of doing it that worked for you?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:51:00 – 00:51:12): It depends on what the ambition actually is. It’s very difficult if you want to be a college professor to do it outside the university, because you need the union card. I wouldn’t be a college professor today if I hadn’t gotten my PhD.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:51:12 – 00:51:28): Is there a way? Is there a topic? Is there a method to the madness — like, go study these topics, go study these authors, go take this approach?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:51:29 – 00:53:02): The answer to that is apprenticeship — it’s work, it’s learning while you work, which is critically important. So what I recommend is that people start — these days there’s so much education online — being acutely aware of what you’re deeply interested in and studying it in some way, formally or informally. And then setting aside time every day and getting serious about that: what am I truly interested in? Am I interested in how machines work? Am I interested in philosophy? Am I interested in mathematics? For me, it’s neuroscience and behavioral science, which are my areas that I teach in. I’m intensely interested in it, and to learn, learn, learn.
The second thing is to work in a particular area, always be working to create value, because when you’re doing that, you’re with masters of the field — you’re watching people who are great at it do it. That’s really the secret to getting good at something, is to work with people who are good at it. Shadowing somebody, apprenticeship, and creating enough value to be paid for it.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:53:02 – 00:53:03): Yeah, I like that.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:53:03 – 00:53:05): Work hard and study what you’re interested in.
Understanding Anxiety and Panic Attacks
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:53:05 – 00:53:15): Okay, so let’s talk about anxiety and panic. Do you notice a pattern of individuals who tend to experience more anxiety and panic attacks than those who don’t?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:53:15 – 00:53:36): Yes. A panic attack is a flooding of the HPA axis, the hypothalamic-pituitary axis in the brain. And it’s a relatively new phenomenon. My great-grandfather Leroy Brooks — he never came home and said to my great-grandmother Mary Ellen, “Honey, I had a panic attack behind the mule today.”
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:53:37 – 00:53:37): Why do you think it’s a new thing?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:53:37 – 00:55:03): I think it’s a new thing, and I know it’s a new thing. The reason I think it’s a new thing has to do with the functioning of the brain. We’ve broken our brains largely with technology. We’ve forced ourselves into the left hemisphere of our brains by checking our phones 205 times a day. The small screen has effectively made us all about the how-to and what side of our brains, and very little about the why side, the mystery side, the meaning side, which is the right hemisphere of our brains. And when our brains are not working the way they’re supposed to, we’re going to have all kinds of weird secondary consequences.
I think the way we deal with stress and panic and anxiety is one of the symptoms of that. So we find that since 2008, clinical depression has tripled and generalized anxiety has doubled, especially for native small-screen users. People who remember the before times, and people who don’t remember the before times, are having more and more of these weird symptoms. You have to connect the two. I think the circumstantial neuroscientific evidence is overwhelming that this is the case. And that means we need a better relationship with our devices, is what it comes down to. But the truth is, all of us need better ways to deal with our anxiety, to deal with the problems we face. Once again, especially people watching us — people watching us are, on average, going to be way more anxious than people who are not watching us.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:55:04 – 00:55:14): In 2013, I used to have a lot of these. What formula do you give people who are having an anxiety attack, having a panic attack? What formula is there to calm your nerves?
Managing Anxiety the Healthy Way
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:55:14 – 00:57:00): So there are bad ways and good ways to manage high negative affect. The bad traditional ways are drugs and alcohol, which, by the way, will cut the connection. If you’re really stressed out, that means your amygdala is highly activated. It’s a bilateral organ shaped like an almond, on either side of your limbic system in the brain. When that’s activated, it’s fight or flight, which stimulates the pituitary gland, which then, after going through the hypothalamus, stimulates the adrenal glands above your kidneys, and that spits out stress hormones. So it gets you in the pit of your stomach, that feeling of fight or flight. And then within about 20 minutes, excessive cortisol, so that you’re highly alert but not very happy. That feeling — the excessive cortisol — you can’t sleep at night, you’re snapping at your family members, etc., which is very common for entrepreneurs. It’s happening all the time.
So the way you can actually cut that connection is by drinking alcohol. 2 alcoholic drinks will cut the connection between the amygdala and your prefrontal cortex, meaning you’re stressed out but you don’t know it. That’s what actually happens, which is horrible for you. It’s a bad way of doing it. It’s a very messy drug for managing anxiety. I strongly recommend that anybody who even worries they might have an alcohol problem stop drinking now. It’s just too dangerous. Drugs, same deal — cannabis is now the new way for people to manage their stress. Horrible way to manage your stress. People will use the internet to pacify themselves, but the more time on the internet, the more stressed out you’re actually getting while realizing it less, and there’s a buildup of that. Pornography is a classic way to manage stress. Horrible for your brain, horrible for your relationships, bad.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:57:01 – 00:57:02): What’s worse, pornography or alcohol?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:57:02 – 00:57:27): I don’t know, it’s a good question, because it’s hard to compare. The way you’d compare them is which does more damage to your personal life. What we see is that if you’re a married man, for example, pornography is going to screw up your marriage, and so will alcohol. And by the way, there’s comorbidity — people who use the internet inappropriately also use drugs and alcohol.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:57:27 – 00:57:28): Makes sense.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:57:28 – 00:58:01): Gambling is another way of doing this. It’s really problematic. These types of behaviors are not good, is what we see. And that’s typically how people will diagnose and treat themselves. The 2 best ways to deal with anxiety are, number one, recognizing “I’m an anxious person, and I’m living in a way that’s going to provoke a lot of anxiety. I’m doing a hard thing, and I’m doing it on purpose. I got big dreams, baby. Of course I’m anxious.” If you weren’t anxious, it means you’re not alive, if you’re doing hard things.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:58:01 – 00:58:03): Is that the affirmation?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:58:03 – 00:58:04): It’s important that you recognize it.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:58:04 – 00:58:06): That’s why I’m having this.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:58:06 – 00:58:07): There’s nothing wrong with you.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:58:07 – 00:58:08): Because I’m in the arena.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:58:08 – 00:59:48): It’s right with you. You know what’s right with you? It’s like after you have a bad breakup and you’re really sad — there’s nothing wrong with you. You’re supposed to be sad after a breakup. After your mom dies, you’re supposed to be sad. That’s your brain working the way it was designed to work.
So you say, yeah, I’m trying to start a business, no wonder I’m freaked out. I’ve put it all on the line and I might lose what feels like everything — actually isn’t, but it feels like I’m going to lose a lot and feel humiliated and feel like a loser. And most of the reason people are afraid of failure is they’re afraid of their own feelings about themselves if they fail, which is also pretty interesting.
But then how do you treat it? There are 2 good ways. Number one, pick up heavy things and run around — go to the gym, beat it up. If you’re a serious entrepreneur, number one, if the sun is warm when you wake up, you’ve already lost your first battle. You should be up before the dawn, and the first thing you should do is be in the gym. You should start your day with a hard workout. The second thing is you need to actually be dealing with the transcendent. You need to have an agenda of the soul. You need to be doing something that’s managing your metaphysical life. Maybe that’s a meditation practice. Maybe that’s walking in nature before dawn. Maybe that’s listening to the fugues of Johann Sebastian Bach. Maybe that’s reading the greatest mathematics ever written and diving into the elegance of that. Or maybe that’s the faith of your youth. But you need something, man. You need something. Those are the 2 best ways to deal with anxiety, and those are sustainable and healthy. And by the way, they’ll make your relationships better, not worse.
Panic Attacks vs. Heart Attacks
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (00:59:48 – 00:59:55): So today you’ll hear a lot of guys — we had one of my guys here, he’s like, Pat, I think I’m having a heart attack. I said, it’s probably a panic attack. How do you know the difference?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (00:59:57 – 01:00:00): Well, to begin with, if you’re under 30, it’s not a heart attack.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:00:00 – 01:00:02): If you do, you’ve got some bad genetics.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:00:02 – 01:00:12): What that means is there’s probably some abnormality with the electrical signal to your heart or something like that. You don’t have congenital heart—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:00:12 – 01:00:14): What if this person’s 50?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:00:14 – 01:00:38): Then you have to be paying attention to that, and you need to go to your cardiologist to make sure you don’t have some sort of weird blockage. You need to get a CTA scan to make sure you don’t have plaque and soft plaque and all the stuff that you and I do. You’re in your 40s, you’re a young guy. I’m in my 60s — I’m taking it seriously. But you need to be taking care of yourself to make sure. And then, once you know your ticker’s great, and you feel like it’s stopping, it means you’re panicking.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:00:38 – 01:00:39): You’re probably panicking.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:00:39 – 01:00:39): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:00:40 – 01:00:49): Well, the imagination is both a tool to use to dream about big things, as well as an enemy if you don’t know how to control it.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:00:49 – 01:00:50): Absolutely.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:00:50 – 01:00:52): So how do you control your imagination?
Facing Your Worst-Case Scenario
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:00:53 – 01:03:11): To begin with, you don’t really have to control your imagination. What you have to do is recognize that it’s pretty normal, and then have a set of techniques to think about it — kind of like the best case, worst case, most likely case scenario. The imagination that freaks you out is that you’re ruminating on the worst case. Your brain is funny, because it will ruminate on something without actually making it specific. That’s how worrying works, as a matter of fact — when you’re worrying about something, it’s the ghosts in the attic. And you’re just kind of trying to work out the problem, work out the problem. When you make it specific, it’s way less scary.
So anxiety is funny, because a lot of people think the way to deal with anxiety is to get rid of anxiety. Actually, anxiety is unfocused fear. That’s technically what it is. Fear is an activation of the amygdala, which is fight or flight in response to a potentially existential threat. There’s a saber-toothed tiger — I hear a twig snap behind me, I don’t ask questions, I take off running. And maybe if it was my buddy coming up, I’d say, ah, that was funny. But it was better to climb the tree than not climb the tree, because that’s how your brain works. It’s a threat mechanism, is the way that works.
The problem with anxiety, when it’s chronic, is that we’re treating everything like it’s a potential saber-toothed tiger. You open up Twitter, it’s a saber-toothed tiger. You get an email from your general counsel, it’s a saber-toothed tiger. So you’ve got this low-level stress hormone running through your system all day long. The way to deal with it is not to take a benzodiazepine drug, not to take a Valium as an anti-anxiolytic to get rid of it. On the contrary, it’s to turn it into actual fear. And the way you do that is by making it specific. What’s the worst case? That’s why Dale Carnegie wrote about it — I love Andrew Carnegie too, he’s also awesome, he wrote The Gospel of Wealth, one of the first self-help books, as a matter of fact, and it’s why he talked about facing the worst-case scenario. But that’s why you say, okay, say what the worst case is, put the probability on it, and say the strategy, and then move on with your life. Because then you’ll look at the terror. Look at the terror. Stop letting it be your crazy aunt locked in the attic, knocking around, making weird noises up there. If you can face starting a business, you can face your worst fear. And when you do, your life gets much better.
Dealing With a Difficult Parent
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:03:11 – 01:03:14): Arthur, you told the story that you had good parents.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:03:15 – 01:03:15): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:03:15 – 01:03:49): So you saw that example and you kind of passed it down, set the good example — 31 years, your kids are kind of duplicating what you guys did. What if you have a different situation? What if you have a parent whose level of schizoid paranoia, negativity, pessimism, panic, anxiety is so high that anytime you’re around that person, they increase your blood pressure, they bring tension to any interaction — and this is proven with everybody around them, siblings, parents, friends, peers. How do you manage that relationship?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:03:49 – 01:06:14): So that’s one of the big movements we have today, this no-contact movement. You’ve heard about that. There are actually nonprofits dedicated to helping you go no-contact with your family, with that individual, with anybody in your family. I think that’s mostly a pretty wicked movement. Actually, I think it’s a really bad movement, because there are a lot of people in the therapy-industrial complex who only hear one side of the story. They have a Gen Z or millennial patient who comes in and says, my mom is toxic, and they hear all these things. And the suggestion is, so go no-contact — stop talking to them, is what it comes down to. There are organizations dedicated to splitting people up from their parents. That’s almost always — sometimes with abuse or abandonment, that’s the way it has to be — but that’s usually the wrong solution, is what it comes down to.
That is not to say your parents are entirely wholesome characters. I had conflict with my parents. I was a very rebellious teenager. I was like my son Carlos, as a matter of fact. I have the same appetites and interests as Carlos. It’s like driving the family car too fast and whatever — I started smoking at 13 and I was doing my thing. I get it. But the truth is that conflict is not evidence of toxicity, is the way that works.
So I recommend that you have a normal adult relationship with your parents. God put you together. You didn’t choose this person. That doesn’t have to be your best friend, is not what it comes down to. And that means you can actually make it into a relationship that’s congenial and relatively healthy. You don’t have to force it into something that you saw on TV. Don’t go no-contact, but also you don’t have to turn it into “father knows best.” Everybody’s got a different relationship with their parents.
The last thing worth keeping in mind is take what you like and leave what you don’t from your parents — actually think about it a little bit. Think about the 5 or 10 characteristics of your parents and make sure that at least half are good and at least half are not good, and say, okay, how am I going to adopt these things I like from my parents, and how am I going to avoid the characteristics of my parents that I don’t like? One of the biggest reasons people have a lot of conflict with their parents is because they see themselves kind of becoming their parents, and it freaks them out, is the way that works. And then they’ll reject their parents’ values, and that’s what creates a schism. You can live any way you want and your parents are pretty much going to accept it. What they won’t accept is being told that they’re evil and stupid.
Will College Change Your Kids’ Politics?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:06:15 – 01:06:29): You know, for some of the parents who are sending their kids to a school — it’s a very different climate today going to school than before. How do you prepare your kids to know they’re going to be introduced to certain ideas, where you don’t lose them?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:06:29 – 01:06:39): Yeah, so generally speaking, political conversion in college is not permanent. I’ve got the data on that. Professors are really bad at brainwashing students.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:06:40 – 01:06:40): Really?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:06:40 – 01:06:41): Yeah, we’re the only—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:06:41 – 01:06:43): This is great news for a lot of parents.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:06:43 – 01:06:45): —are really good at brainwashing their kids at the end of the day.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:06:45 – 01:06:46): Better than professors?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:06:46 – 01:06:46): Yeah, way better.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:06:46 – 01:06:47): You think so?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:06:47 – 01:06:48): Oh yeah, for sure, because of the formative years.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:06:48 – 01:06:49): Interesting.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:06:49 – 01:07:14): Yeah, you’ve got your kids during the formative years. So what your kids are doing when they come back from college mad at you, they’re experimenting with different ideologies. It might be permanent — it actually might be, right? I changed my views when I was going to college in my late 20s and reading economics. I don’t think that was really an ideological experiment. I think it was kind of an awakening in its own way, but I didn’t reject my parents’ values. They taught me to be a Christian guy and an ethical person.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:07:14 – 01:07:15): They were a Christian family?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:07:15 – 01:07:16): Oh yeah, for sure.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:07:16 – 01:07:17): Not conservative?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:07:17 – 01:07:27): No, not conservative, but I was raised in a traditional religious environment. And the things that matter — family values, my relationship with the divine — I didn’t change. Just like markets.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:07:27 – 01:07:36): It was purely economical with your parents? It was even pro-life, pro-choice — it was more, “I don’t think John F. Kennedy was a Democrat, we like him, this is our position.”
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:07:36 – 01:07:46): Yeah, my parents actually had more of a political shift to the left as Seattle shifted to the left. When I was a kid, there was a Republican mayor — can you believe it?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:07:46 – 01:07:47): In Seattle.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:07:47 – 01:07:57): In Seattle, yeah. And Seattle was a very moderate city, and then it became more secular and left-wing, is the way that worked. By the way, it’s still a beautiful place. Wonderful place.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:07:57 – 01:07:59): Just love it. Well, there’s Microsoft there, Amazon’s there.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:07:59 – 01:08:07): Oh, these great companies. Is Starbucks there? Yeah, Starbucks is still there. They’re opening up a lot more activity in Nashville though, my new academic home.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:08:07 – 01:08:07): Starbucks is?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:08:07 – 01:08:08): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:08:08 – 01:08:09): Nashville’s a great market.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:08:09 – 01:08:10): Nashville’s a great market.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:08:10 – 01:08:11): I’m going to be there this Thursday.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:08:11 – 01:08:15): It’s the hot city. Yeah, I’m going to be there a lot because it’s my teaching home.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:08:15 – 01:08:16): Vanderbilt.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:08:16 – 01:08:28): Yeah, that’s right. So it’s interesting — but with my parents, it wasn’t fraught. They thought it was kind of funny. It’s like, “our son, the Republican.” “There goes our son, the big capitalist.”
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:08:28 – 01:08:29): Did they ever convert?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:08:30 – 01:08:31): No.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:08:31 – 01:08:31): Never?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:08:32 – 01:08:37): No, no, no. They just kind of got more and more progressive as the years went by.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:08:37 – 01:08:38): Even more progressive?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:08:38 – 01:08:44): Yeah. My dad, I’m pretty sure, voted for Nixon, but that was the last Republican he ever voted for. I’m sure. Wow.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:08:45 – 01:08:47): So he was a little bit of a rebel if he voted for Nixon.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:08:47 – 01:08:52): Well, his parents were staunch Republicans. My grandparents were all staunch Republicans.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:08:53 – 01:08:53): How did that happen?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:08:54 – 01:09:19): Well, because my grandparents were old school. All my grandparents were missionaries. This is the ’50s — they all voted for Eisenhower, that kind of thing. And my dad was raised in that, married a good Christian woman, and they were kind of Republicans. And then Seattle kind of drifted, and they kind of drifted with it. The tide is the tide.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:09:20 – 01:09:24): So you don’t think professors have as much influence over politics as parents?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:09:24 – 01:09:40): No. And I’ve got the data on that. Generally speaking, by the age of 40, if their parents are Republicans, people who go to college by age 40 are more likely to be Republicans than Democrats. They’re more likely to vote like their parents if their parents are conservative, if they went to college.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:09:42 – 01:09:42): Why?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:09:42 – 01:09:56): Because they’re growing up and paying taxes and starting businesses and doing all the things traditionally associated with more conservative politics, is what we see. So your friend should basically have some faith that this is not going to stick.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:09:58 – 01:09:59): His daughter’s a great girl. This guy’s a great guy.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:09:59 – 01:10:14): And I’m sure his daughter’s a great girl, but even if she stays on the politically hardcore progressive side, she’s going to realize her dad’s awesome, and she loves her dad, and it’s going to be okay. It’s really going to be okay. He’s going to watch and not worry about it too much.
The Pursuit of Happiness
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:10:14 – 01:10:15): All right, I got a question for you about happiness.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:10:16 – 01:10:16): Oh good.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:10:16 – 01:10:26): So Zhuangzi — okay, which I’m sure you know who it is, old philosopher — said happiness is the absence of striving for happiness. Do you agree with that?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:10:26 – 01:11:37): Yes, but with a caveat. If you walk around saying, I’m not happy, am I happy, am I happy — problem. Nathaniel Hawthorne one time is purported to have said — we don’t know who said this, but it’s a good line — happiness is like a butterfly. If you sit quietly, it might come sit on your shoulder, but if you try to catch it, you never will.
So what should you do instead? The answer is you should break it down into its macronutrients and pursue a diet rich in the elements of happiness. The parts of happiness are enjoyment, satisfaction, and meaning. Those are the 3 macronutrients of happiness. The happiest people enjoy their lives, they take satisfaction in their activities and accomplishments, and they know the why of their lives, and they pursue the why of their lives. Don’t pursue happiness. Pursue enjoyment, satisfaction, and meaning. That’s what I teach my graduate students at Harvard. I have a class called Leadership and Happiness for MBAs, and it’s all about how to enjoy your life and career, how to take satisfaction with struggle and hardship and your accomplishments, and how to find the meaning of your life, including in the suffering in your life.
Peaking Later in Life: Fluid vs. Crystallized Intelligence
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:11:37 – 01:11:42): In your book, From Strength to Strength, you talk about how we peak a lot younger than people think.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:11:42 – 01:11:43): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:11:43 – 01:11:58): And you gave the stats — at this age, this sport peaks; this thing peaks at 38. And I think you said one of the things that peaks at the end was — was it professor or teacher? 72? I don’t know what it was, but it was something that peaks later on, because historians usually peak later on.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:11:58 – 01:12:03): Historians peak after — they do half of their work after age 65, and it’s the better half.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:12:03 – 01:12:08): That was the craziest thing to think about. So walk me through the understanding of peaking in your career.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:12:09 – 01:12:57): Yeah. So everybody peaks in their career, and when you peak depends on what you emphasize in your work. Certain careers emphasize what we call fluid intelligence — that’s problem solving, working memory, processing speed. That’s like the young lawyer who can solve every case. That tends to happen early in your career. It peaks at age 39, then declines. So if you’re all about that fluid intelligence — that street smarts, that feral intelligence mixed with a good education that makes you faster and better than everybody else — you’re going to peak early. I’m not talking about physical careers like professional sports, which obviously peak early because of the physiology. I’m talking about mental careers, and everybody watching us has a mental career, or they wouldn’t be watching the show, because this is an idea show.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:12:57 – 01:13:05): Does it happen naturally, where you don’t even know you’re adjusting, or is it something you have to be intentional about?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:13:05 – 01:13:38): You need to be intentional, because what’ll happen is, if you’re really good at something and then you’re on the wrong side of that curve, you’re just burning out, you’re bummed out. That’s what happens to a lot of guys. They’ll be at some investment bank in New York working crazy hours, making a ton of money. And then you notice they always retire at 49 with $400 million. The reason they retired at 49 is that what used to be hard became impossible, and what used to be easy became hard, and nobody else noticed it but them, and they burned out.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:13:38 – 01:13:39): Can you be specific?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:13:39 – 01:15:03): They’ll be doing deals they used to just roll through when they were 35, and when they’re 45 or 46, they’re like, this is a slog, I can’t focus on this, this is less interesting than it used to be, it’s less fun than it used to be, it’s harder than — why is my work getting harder? It doesn’t make sense. So they start looking for an escape route, because they think that’s their only job. They retire at 49 with a few hundred million bucks and a plane, and then they dedicate themselves to something like golf or tennis or yoga, and then pretty soon their marriage melts down. They get a good deep tan, but their marriage is melting down, and they’re spending money, and their $400 million becomes $200 million when their wife leaves. And they don’t know what happened. They go into this big tailspin.
The reason is because they were on the wrong side of their fluid intelligence curve and they didn’t jump onto the crystallized intelligence curve. The crystallized intelligence curve is when you start a business where they’re scouting talent, or go into management where they’re supervising and teaching younger people. Or, if they’re going to retire, they should go teach at the local business school, teach a class on what they’re actually doing, mentor a couple of young people, sit on a couple of boards, do stuff that’s — or start a podcast, for Pete’s sake. Do something where they can share knowledge, because they’re way better at that than they would’ve been.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:15:03 – 01:16:04): So Elon just became a trillionaire, right? And he’s still building all these other companies. For like 2 weeks, he’s worth $700 billion. But yesterday or 2 days ago, they announced Starlink is going to be competing with AT&T, Verizon, and he says Starlink’s going to be a trillion-dollar-a-year revenue business. So that itself could be worth God knows how much money with some of these businesses he’s running. How different are the anomalies? Does there become a moment where — for me, I feel like I’m enjoying what I’m doing. I don’t feel like, oh my God, I can’t do it as good as I used to. I’m enjoying it, but I’m a builder. I want to be able to build things. If I’m not building things, I’m not happy. If the pressure is on me doing it, I’m not a fan of that. I want the business. So how do you describe — like, I read some of this stuff and I’m like, phenomenal, I can’t think of how many people that need to read this book, and in some parts I don’t know if I relate yet. How do you tell that apart?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:16:04 – 01:16:15): So you have extraordinarily high fluid intelligence, and that means you can be on the wrong side of the curve and still be killing it. It’s not that you’re going to be in the tank. How old are you? 47?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:16:15 – 01:16:16): 47.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:16:16 – 01:17:47): 47. It doesn’t mean you’re in the tank. 47 is still really young. And if you have an incredibly high fluid intelligence curve, even if you’re on the wrong side of it, it’s still going to be high, and it’s still going to be exciting and good. But you’ve got to have plans for what the crystallized intelligence curve looks like. And by the way, you’re on it right now. This show is a crystallized intelligence show. You’re bringing ideas that are very complex, you’re unpacking my ideas right now, you’re extraordinarily good at it. You’re probing into big ideas for me as a professor and then translating it. And when it’s not quite clear, you unpack it a little more and then you stop and say, what is that? And you ask me to elucidate it a little more. Why? Because you’re a teacher. You’re being a teacher right now. You’re motivating a lot of people. I met a bunch of your young people before we started today. You’re not trying to do every one of their jobs — on the contrary. And you’re not trying to dominate the technology in ways that they can. That would be a bad use of your time and not the right use of your brain. That’s literally you moving on your crystallized intelligence curve. That’s the Patrick crystallized intelligence curve you’re getting on, and it’s just going to become more and more like that. Not everybody knows what that could be. It turns out you’re really good at podcasting — a lot of people working at Goldman Sachs wouldn’t even know where to start on something like that. But there is a crystallized intelligence version of everybody’s life. They just need to start thinking about it.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:17:47 – 01:17:57): That’s a good point. Who is the billionaire — Rubenstein? What’s his name, the guy who started a podcast a few years ago?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:17:57 – 01:17:59): David Rubenstein, actually. David Rubenstein, over on Bloomberg.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:17:59 – 01:18:02): Yes, we had him on the podcast. He came down here, we did a great interview together.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:18:02 – 01:18:03): He’s a genius.
Preparing for a Business Exit
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:18:03 – 01:18:30): Yeah. And here’s a guy that’s worth a few billion dollars, and he’s like, you know what, I want to start a podcast. And he starts doing this podcast — one of my favorite interviews, seeing him do it. Before I was even leaving the insurance business, one of my concerns was, what do I do next? So I wasn’t going to sell until I knew what I was going to do next. And then one day I got a call from a client that accidentally turned into a consulting engagement. We did a 3-hour engagement with this client, and I said, I actually really like this.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:18:31 – 01:18:32): Awesome. So fun.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:18:32 – 01:18:35): I couldn’t tell you how excited I got sitting down going through this.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:18:36 – 01:18:36): I can’t see myself—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:18:36 – 01:18:41): How old were you? I was at the time when I got the call — 6 years ago. So I was 41.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:18:41 – 01:18:42): Right on time, man.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:18:42 – 01:19:10): Right? And it was like, I know exactly what I’m going to be doing next. It was a transition going into it. So how would you describe that — imagine somebody, let’s talk about the person that — I’m at the Vault Conference, I’m walking around talking to everybody. One of the guys I go to, I said, hey, you seem like you’re a little bit down, what’s going on, when you’re doing this personal identity audit? He says, Pat, I just sold my business for $400 million. It’s funny you’re saying $400 million — I sold my business for $400 million.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:19:10 – 01:19:11): It’s the modal number.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:19:11 – 01:19:12): That’s so funny.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:19:12 – 01:19:12): You said $400 million.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:19:12 – 01:19:43): You made me think about this guy. He said, I sold my business for $400 million, and my wife and I just got a divorce. I’ve hooked up with more girls than I can tell you, but dude, I am so empty, I’m trying to figure my next thing out. Right now I don’t know what the f* to do. This is him telling me this. So how do you describe it to the person who is going through the phase of knowing they’re going to have an exit, transition, whatever you want to call it? I’m about to sell a business for $100 million, $200 million. But I don’t know what the hell to do next.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:19:44 – 01:19:45): Yeah, and they’re freaking out about it.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:19:45 – 01:19:48): They’re freaking out. So what things would you tell me to do to prepare for that?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:19:48 – 01:20:58): So to a certain extent, it depends on how old you are. If you’re 30 and getting that exit because you’ve been extraordinarily fortunate and successful in your 20s, then you should be thinking about the next venture. But if you’re in your late 40s or your 50s, like a lot of the $400 million guys in their late 40s or 50s, what they should be doing is thinking about what they can do to build their crystallized intelligence curve.
It usually is a portfolio that looks more or less like the following. To begin with, they’re really lucky — they don’t need a wage. To be financially independent is an incredible blessing. So if they’re actually financially independent, they can build their portfolio in a particular way. It starts off with, number one, service — how am I going to help other people? You find that the reason you loved that consulting gig so much is because you were creating value in somebody else’s career and life and business, and that was enormously satisfying. When you see yourself creating value in somebody else’s life, the angels are singing. This is what God put me on earth to do—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:20:58 – 01:21:00): Is to help these people become successful.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:21:01 – 01:22:00): That’s number one. So get a couple of mentees — that’s the first thing. Not 20, not 50 — a couple of people you really believe in, because people really want successful mentors. If you’ve got $400 million, people would love your advice. Have real mentees, number one.
Number 2, go teach a class in what you’re good at. There are 4,500 colleges and universities in America. Most of them have business education, and they all need successful people who can turn what they were good at into classes — just one class. And by the way, that’s hard. If you’ve never taught a class before, getting prepared for a class and the materials and describing what you’ve always done, the students will light you up like a Christmas tree on the evaluations the first time. It’s a big new challenge, but you’ll find you’re better at it than you thought you were, and most people will be like, this is awesome, I love it, I want to be a professor from now on.
The third thing is join one nonprofit board — not 10, one, a cause you deeply care about.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:22:00 – 01:22:00): Why?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:22:01 – 01:23:37): Because they need you. If you’re a successful person — nonprofits are a catastrophe when it comes to business-like activity. They need your philanthropy. More importantly, they need your expertise, something you want to give to and something you want to serve. 4 board meetings a year, just one, so you can really dig in, not 36, which is what a lot of people do. And everybody will be asking you, when you’re ready to exit, come sit on my board. Come sit on my board. And then one for-profit board.
So those are the things. Then set up your schedule in a businesslike way so it looks like 15 hours a week — which it won’t be, it’ll be 40, but it won’t be 80. The reason I say 15 is so it doesn’t turn into 80, so it turns into 40. Why? Because the number one thing people who are exiting hate about their lives is they didn’t have time to pee between meetings. They were too busy. They were freaked out about being idle, and so they became too busy, and it was very hard on them cognitively.
So 15 hours a week means you can set up your schedule, and if you want to stay at the gym for 90 minutes instead of 45 because you’re having a really good workout, you can do it. And if you’re having lunch with a friend and want a longer lunch, you can do it. And if your wife says, I want to spend the afternoon with you, and you love your wife, you can do it. You can actually do some of those things without sacrificing your business and feeling like you’re being irresponsible. That’s really critical. If you do those things, it’ll turn into the next thing, but you’ve designed it so your life is better, not worse.
What Matters Less at 62
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:23:38 – 01:23:42): What doesn’t matter to you at this phase that mattered at 40?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:23:42 – 01:23:42): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:23:43 – 01:23:43): At this phase?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:23:44 – 01:23:45): In this phase of my life?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:23:45 – 01:23:46): This phase of your life.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:23:46 – 01:23:47): I think you’re 62.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:23:47 – 01:23:49): 62 and grandkids.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:23:49 – 01:23:49): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:23:49 – 01:23:51): What doesn’t matter to you at all right now?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:23:52 – 01:25:27): What’s going to happen to me 20 years from now. When I was 40, I was thinking about 20 years into the future all the time, because that’s what you do when you’re a striver. You live in the future. That’s called prospection. Human beings, Homo sapiens, have time travel abilities — this is why we’re the dominant species. We can be retrospective, thinking about the past and learning from mistakes. We can be prospective, thinking about the future, practicing future scenarios and working for future success. Or we can be mindful right here, right now. The reason we’re actually enjoying this conversation is because we’re prospective people — I was thinking about the future, but right now we’re here.
C.S. Lewis, the great theologian and author, said you can only love in the present. Can’t love in the past, can’t love in the future. You can only love in the present, which is why, fellow strivers watching us here, you need to love your wife now. That’s why you need to be present with her. And that’s why she’s bummed out when you’re not — because you’re not actually loving her. And she requires adoration. You’re working for admiration, but she requires adoration.
So that’s the case. Strivers who are mostly prospective people — the average person spends 30 to 50% of their time thinking about the future. That’s a lot. The average striver is more like 80% of the time. Holy s*. And what happens when you’re 62 is you look at the future and you’re like, yeah, I don’t think I’m going to be thinking about my career at 82. I need to be here now. So that’s the biggest thing I’m not worried about as much — how successful I’m going to be at 62.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:25:27 – 01:25:30): And that’s coming from a striver like you — you’re not even thinking 20 years.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:25:30 – 01:25:41): Yeah, I mean, I think about 20 years. I want to be healthy in 20 years, which is why I keep a very strict diet. I’m paying attention to my relationships and I’m going to the gym every day, because I want to be kicking when I’m 82.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:25:41 – 01:25:47): My God, I saw you were wearing, on one of the episodes, a tight shirt, and I said, he’s got shoulders. It’s very obvious you work out a lot.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:25:47 – 01:25:56): We pick up heavy things, run around. My parents died young. My dad died at 66, and my mom was profoundly demented by the time she was my age.
Confronting Mortality
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:25:56 – 01:25:58): Does that concern you at all? Does it cross your mind?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:25:58 – 01:25:59): It does.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:25:59 – 01:25:59): Today?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:25:59 – 01:26:46): Today, no — there’s no evidence. My dad died of cancer, and my mom — I have the ApoE2/E3 genotype, which is the best predictor of Alzheimer’s and various forms of dementia, and it’s a very favorable genotype for that, for sure. But you got to take care of yourself. These are metabolic diseases at this point — dementia is type 3 diabetes, is kind of what they’re calling it these days. So the result is I take care of myself, because I want to be bouncing my whatever, 23rd grandchild on my knee by the time I’m 82 years old. I want to see my grandchildren get married. I want to meet my great-grandchildren. That’s what I want. If God wills it.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:26:47 – 01:26:48): Well, you’re on track.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:26:48 – 01:27:10): Yeah, but I don’t need more money. Thank God. I’m very privileged in this way, and I’m not assuming — things have kind of fallen the right way. And you too, right? So you got to think about where your fortune really lies, and that’s in love and faith. That’s what I’m thinking about over the next 20 years, and that’s an entirely different ambition. It’s a real different kettle of fish.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:27:10 – 01:27:21): Napoleon Hill would talk about public speaking and death, the 2 fears, right? I think there are 6 fears, and he would talk about those 2 things. Does the idea of you no longer being here mess you up at all? Do you think about it?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:27:21 – 01:29:18): No, it doesn’t mess me up very much. There’s this funny thing in the terror management literature — Ernest Becker, this great social scientist from way back, wrote about the fear of death. The reason we’re so afraid of death is actually not that we’re afraid to die, it’s that we can’t conceive of not existing. The human brain can’t conceive of nonexistence. You absolutely know your body’s going to die. Everybody knows that. Everybody can understand that. Most people are pretty comfortable with it — only about 20% of people are really afraid of physically dying. But we can’t understand nonexistence.
So the result is that the terror comes from confronting something we can’t comprehend. The incomprehensible is where that comes from. The way we resolve that, among other ways, is religion. We didn’t invent religion. There’s never been a civilization in human history that’s not religious, that doesn’t have faith. And we have a very strong sense that there is some sort of existence beyond the grave. Most people throughout all of human history have believed that. That’s evidence. It’s not ironclad evidence, it’s not proof, but it’s evidence that it’s true. Just as thirst is evidence of the existence of water, and sexual desire is evidence of the existence of sex, an appetite, a craving for something is evidence of its object. My desire for heaven, my desire for the supernatural, my desire for the metaphysics, my desire for God is evidence that it actually exists, and I will not cease to exist, and that’s what takes away this fundamental fear. Plus, I won’t stop existing, because I have kids and grandkids, and there’s a little bit of me in each one of them. God love them.
The Greatest Highs in Life
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:29:19 – 01:29:21): What is the greatest high you’ve ever had in your life?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:29:25 – 01:29:28): The greatest — that’s moments, right? These are moments.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:29:28 – 01:29:38): This high where you go to it and think about that moment, that experience — you’re like, I will never forget that.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:29:38 – 01:30:06): When I saw my first son being born, I said, God is good. When I met my first grandson for the first time, when he was 6 hours old. The day my wife said “I do” and married me. These are these epiphanies, these moments where I don’t have to earn love. These are the moments I realize that I’m enough. I’m enough. How about you?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:30:07 – 01:31:20): Same, man. Kids to me is something else. I have 2 boys, 2 girls. My son was born, holding him in my arm and just talking to him. When we got married, listening to Reggie Callaway sing a song for us at the wedding — January 21st of ’04, when I’m at the back of the church at Shepherd of the Hills and I’ve given my life to Christ, and I’m carrying all this burden, and all of a sudden I’m like, dude, I can’t do this by myself. I will never forget these moments. Cannot forget it. It’s amazing. None of it is the exit. None of it is the money hitting the bank account. None of it is the big house we bought. None of it is all these other things.
And so the challenge from guys like us — me, you, Galloway, Peterson, we all have a different audience. Your audience, because you’re talking happiness, is: how do we get younger men who are battling — maybe we’re not that cool for them anymore, because they’re following somebody who’s 22 or 28, a little bit of a different audience. “I don’t want to listen to you, give me a break, you’re too old for me, you’re too this.”
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:31:20 – 01:31:20): Who cares?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:31:20 – 01:31:34): How do we get them to continue to realize the greatest joys of life are not how many followers you’ve got, how much money you’ve got — it’s about these kids and the family you’re building. How do we transfer that to them?
Passing Down What Really Matters
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:31:35 – 01:33:26): By living according to those values ourselves. People are humans — Homo sapiens are mimetic, which means we mimic each other. Who do we mimic? The alpha, the successful person, because we’re a hierarchical species, a tropical, kin-based hierarchical species — our brains were accommodated to live in packs or bands of 30 to 50 individuals, hunter-gatherers in the Middle Pleistocene period. And what we look to are the people at the apex of our bands.
So we shouldn’t be looking to be as successful as tens or hundreds of millions of people on social media. Be people that we find we really admire, something we could aspire to, somebody who’s the man we want to be, the character of the person we want to be. And we naturally do that. That’s what people do — men do that, women do that too, but men especially. They aspire to be a better person. And that’s why excellence in behavior, excellence of character, are so winsome when you could be somebody’s dad.
I’ve been teaching young people for a really long time, and the older I get, the more effective it gets, not just because I’m on my crystallized intelligence curve, but because they can trust me and because I live it. I walk it. They know it. They know how the Google machine works. They look at my life and know that I’m a happily married man, that I live these particular values. So this is how we do it, Pat — we live the things that we teach. And that’s the most important thing of all. And they can actually see the joy that’s in our lives. They can see the fulfillment that comes from it. You can say, yeah, when the money hits the bank account, no big deal, and a bunch of guys are out there going, yeah, yeah, yeah, me too. But they know the truth, which is that that’s good, and that’s a little bit of a reward. That’s a little dessert.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:33:26 – 01:33:34): I recommend it because I think it’s good to do. Even though you’re financially free, we’re both financially free — I recommend doing that and not looking at it as unimportant.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:33:34 – 01:33:56): But I can see the joy in your life. The joy in your life is a success that’s actually available to every single young man or young woman watching us right now, and that’s to love and be loved. That’s the ultimate success in life. And when they can see that in your life and my life, and they respect us for the things we’ve accomplished on top of those things, that’s the best witness we can actually bring.
George W. Bush and Political Service
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:33:57 – 01:34:09): Last thing — I’ve had Bobby Kennedy on multiple times, and I’ve spent a lot of time with, we had President Bush at one of our events, talked to some of these guys in politics.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:34:10 – 01:34:10): He’s my favorite politician.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:34:10 – 01:34:13): I cannot tell you how amazing he was.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:34:13 – 01:34:17): I have so much respect for him as I’ve gotten to know him over the years.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:34:17 – 01:34:19): Tell me why.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:34:19 – 01:34:20): Well, here’s how you know.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:34:20 – 01:34:25): People often trash politicians all the time, but they have really hard jobs. Especially him though — he got a lot of it.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:34:25 – 01:34:45): I know, but now everybody’s like, ah, good old days. Here’s how you know your favorite politician: he’s the one where you would’ve made the same mistakes he made. It’s not somebody who made no mistakes. If they’re in the arena, they’re going to make mistakes. TR made mistakes. They all made mistakes. Speaking of the arena—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:34:45 – 01:34:46): FDR is one of the greatest.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:34:46 – 01:34:49): Yeah. And he’s the one who — well, it was Theodore Roosevelt who wrote that speech, “The Man in the Arena.”
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:34:49 – 01:34:50): That’s right.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:34:51 – 01:35:17): And they all make mistakes. If you can find a politician who — if you would’ve made the same mistakes, that’s your person. That doesn’t mean they’re perfect, but you’re not perfect either. And the one politician in my lifetime where I’m sure I would’ve made the same mistakes is [George W.] Bush. As I’ve gotten to know him, I understand why. He’s a man of impeccable sincerity, character, and integrity. He’s really a wonderful man.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:35:17 – 01:35:33): We had him at the event. He says, I want to see you, I come to the back, we spend 45 minutes to an hour together before the interview. Now we come up and he says this to the audience — I’m like, 6,000 people in the room, same event I had Kobe at. So it’s 2019, we’re at the Mirage.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:35:33 – 01:35:34): And you’ve had it all.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:35:34 – 01:35:38): Yeah, Kobe was very different — by the way, at that same event we had Billy Beane from Moneyball.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:35:39 – 01:35:39): Is that right?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:35:40 – 01:35:40): Do you know Billy Beane?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:35:40 – 01:35:41): I don’t know him, but I know—
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:35:41 – 01:35:42): Have you ever seen the movie?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:35:42 – 01:35:42): Of course.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:35:42 – 01:35:52): I’ve had him on 3 times and I love him. I love Billy Beane. I watched Moneyball last night, and we had Jordan Peterson. That was the lineup for this year.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:35:52 – 01:35:52): Wow.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:35:53 – 01:36:31): And Bush says, one day I wake up, I see all this alcohol that we had. I missed 10 years of my memories with my kids. I said, what the hell are you doing? I took all the alcohol, went to the bathroom, poured it out. I said, this is it. Then he became governor, and, you know, president. The rest is history.
But what is your position when you read the Kennedy and Bush family legacy? One of the things they say is: make the money, protect your family, set up your wife, set up your kids, what they need to do, then go into charity, go into clergy, church, contributing to that, or get into politics. What is your opinion on getting involved in politics later on in life?
Should You Get Into Politics?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:36:32 – 01:38:05): There’s a lot to that. That’s certainly the vision of the founders of the United States. These were all men of position, authority, power, and significant resources who felt it was their goal, their obligation and their privilege to be leaders. Because that’s what you do if you believe in your country, you believe in your community — you’ve been a good leader in one area, so you should bring that to serve other people, share that, share the wealth.
And the real wealth each of us has is not our money, despite the fact that the Democratic Socialists of America, whatever they’re saying this week, say it’s all because they’re materialists. That’s wrong. The true wealth we have is the wealth of expertise, of magnanimity, of generosity, and of love. That’s real wealth. So people who have been lucky enough to have a good business should share what made that business, and share it in different ways. Maybe that’s in nonprofit organizations, maybe that’s in their communities, maybe that’s in a very extensive family network, or maybe that’s in politics. But I agree with the basic sentiment — I think it’s a good idea to get into something. Not to build up storehouses of more and more because you don’t know anything else to do, but rather to help people understand the secrets behind how those storehouses got full in the first place. That’s how America was built — by people who were hardworking, willing to sacrifice a lot, and engaged in character and personal responsibility, and then later taught it to other people.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:38:05 – 01:38:18): Do you see it as a duty? Do you see it as a must? You’ve been involved in the policy scene for a long time. Who were you with?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:38:18 – 01:38:21): The American Enterprise Institute. I was the president of the American Enterprise Institute for 11 years.
The American Enterprise Institute
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:38:21 – 01:38:28): People that know what that is — that’s heavy. Who would you compare it to? Claremont Institute, maybe?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:38:28 – 01:39:00): AEI is one of the 5 big national think tanks. It’s one of the oldest think tanks in the world, and it’s the first free-market-oriented, free-enterprise-oriented think tank ever. It was created during the Great Depression, in 1938, because the people who founded it believed not that there was too much capitalism, but that there wasn’t enough — that what we needed to do was bring more free markets, more free enterprise to the United States, and distribute the benefits of hard work and personal responsibility of capitalism more widely to ordinary people, which is what I still believe.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:39:00 – 01:39:03): Who was the person that started it — was it one person or a group?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:39:03 – 01:39:15): It was a group of businessmen who started it. And what they did was hire a bunch of economists from universities, because at the time everybody knew that socialism was the future.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:39:16 – 01:39:16): Eli Lilly.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:39:17 – 01:39:29): Yeah, Eli Lilly was one of the original funders, one of the original philanthropists behind this, as a matter of fact. I joined when I was — I took over as president when I was 44 years old, and I ran it for 11 years, until I was 55.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:39:29 – 01:39:30): You’ve got to be kidding me.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:39:30 – 01:39:41): We were privileged to be able to bring American values, concepts, and ideas to the public policy process. I had some of the most brilliant economists and other experts in the world there.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:39:42 – 01:39:57): For me, politics happened purely through capitalism. My mother was a communist, my dad was an imperialist — they married and divorced each other twice.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:39:57 – 01:39:57): Is she still alive?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:39:58 – 01:40:02): Yeah, she’s still alive. My mom lives a quarter of a mile from my house, and my dad lives with me.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:40:03 – 01:40:07): And you’re close to both of them still?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:40:08 – 01:42:11): Very close. My mom — her son became what she opposed. He became a successful capitalist and a staunch, loud supporter of capitalism, which to me is the most honest economic system, where you can’t lie.
I’ll never forget one of my guys — I love this guy, his name is Len — one day I’m giving him a $20,000 bonus in the insurance company, and he’s not a full-on staunch capitalist. He was all about, no, it’s not fair, tax this, tax that. So one day I’m giving him this $20,000 bonus. He’ll remember this. He can correct me on the dollar amount, but it was somewhere around 20 grand. I said, I’ve got some good news for you and some more good news. He says, what’s that? I said, you’re getting a $20,000 bonus. He says, come on, Pat. I said, I’m telling you. But I’ve decided to do something very unique for you. He says, what’s that? I said, I know for a fact you know you didn’t earn this $20,000 all by yourself — it was you and your agency and your leaders. So I’m thinking about giving 40 of your guys $500 each, and giving you $500 as well, because you didn’t make this money by yourself. Because this was when Obama was saying “you didn’t build that,” and he gets furious with me. He’s like, how could you do that, that’s not fair, I’m the one that earned it. And I let him go and chew me out. And at the end I said, Len, I agree, you earned it — this is your $20,000. That’s capitalism for you. And he says, I see what you did for me.
So I learned the concept of capitalism through being in the financial industry and seeing what happened. But to me, it’s an interesting thing — is it getting involved, is it not getting involved, is it a duty? I love this country. This country changed my life. I’m indebted to it for the rest of my life. I’m going to do my part. But it’s wondering at what point it makes sense to do it, or just find a different way to contribute.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:42:11 – 01:43:12): There’s a lot of ways to contribute. Some people’s charism, their destiny, is not doing anything political at all, and there are all kinds of reasons for that. Look, you’re doing a lot, Pat. This show has a lot more impact than most politicians, let me tell you. There are way more people who follow you and pay attention to your ideas and subscribe to these ideas than anything you could do if you were elected to Congress. You’d be spending tons of time beavering away, raising dollars for TV ads for your next reelection. Not to say there’s something bad about that, but the truth is, I think this is your calling. I think this is your contribution. You don’t have to do this — you could make a lot more money with the next business, whatever it happens to be, than talking to me. But the reason we’re having this conversation is because you want to share these ideas, you want to get these particular ideas out.
The bottom line is I believe that all of us don’t have an obligation to contribute — we have the privilege of contribution. This is the joy. This is the fruit of success: what you’re actually able to do, and have people follow your ideas and care about these particular ideas. I think you’re right where you need to be.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:43:13 – 01:43:14): Would you ever get into it?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:43:14 – 01:43:26): If it were the calling and there were the opportunity, I would take the call. My daily prayer is, Lord, guide my path. Just guide my path. You too, right?
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:43:26 – 01:43:26): Yep.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:43:26 – 01:43:34): And it’s funny, because when you’re 25 and you’re a hustler, you’re like, no, no, don’t guide my path, I know what I’m doing.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:43:35 – 01:43:36): I know what I’m doing.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:43:36 – 01:43:48): I know. And by the time you’re older, by the time you’re in your 40s, let alone your 60s like me, you’re like, Lord, guide my path, and I will follow your will — whether I like it or not, by the way.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:43:48 – 01:44:05): You know, I would like to see more guys like you in there — not necessarily behind the scenes, but giving those common sense ideas, especially nowadays when some of the younger audience is flirting with socialism. Hopefully it’s right that it’s a fad, one of those things that comes—
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:44:05 – 01:44:26): It’s a fad. And by the way, really good young people are experimenting with these ideas. It’s not to cast aspersions or insult anybody by saying young people are stupid. On the contrary, they’re idealistic and they want the best for everybody. What we need to do is show them that there actually is a better way that also works really well, and acknowledge that the system isn’t working right for a lot of people.
Closing Thoughts
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:44:27 – 01:44:30): I love it. Really enjoyed this conversation.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:44:30 – 01:44:32): Me too. It’s been a long time in coming.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:44:32 – 01:44:41): I really enjoyed this conversation, and I look forward to a dinner without a camera on, to just go even deeper in our conversations. I know you’re busy, I’m busy, we’ll find a way to do that.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:44:41 – 01:44:42): Yeah.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:44:42 – 01:44:46): But for everybody that’s watching, how can they find you? Where do you want them to go? Is there any specific place?
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:44:46 – 01:45:09): Yeah, just my website, arthurbrooks.com. That’s got all kinds of surveys people can take about their own happiness. It’s got courses people can take online. It gives people the opportunity to be part of the community and talk to each other. We have a community of thousands of people around the world who are interested in becoming sort of happiness teachers in their own way. So there are lots of ways to get involved, and also just read my stuff — it’s all up there on the website.
PATRICK BET-DAVID: (01:45:10 – 01:45:33): 2 books you have to order — one of them is Road to Freedom. Even though the data, the way you break it down to me, was fascinating, as well as From Strength to Strength. If you’re above 40, you have to read this book. Or if you want to be above 40 one day, you’ve got to go read this book, From Strength to Strength. Arthur, thank you so much for coming.
ARTHUR C. BROOKS: (01:45:33 – 01:46:03): I really enjoyed it. God bless you, and thank you for the work you’re doing as well.
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